Key Takeaways
Google has brought forward its timeline for preparing against quantum computing threats.
The tech giant warns that the shift to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) must accelerate across the tech industry.
The warning has reignited debate over whether Bitcoin could face security risks sooner than expected.
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In a recent blog post, Google said it is targeting 2029 as a key milestone to secure its systems against future quantum attacks, citing rapid advances in quantum hardware, error correction and cryptographic research.
“Quantum computers will pose a significant threat to current cryptographic standards, and specifically to encryption and digital signatures,” the post read.
Google warned that some risks are already emerging, notably “store now, decrypt later” attacks, in which attackers harvest encrypted data today expecting to decrypt it in the future.
To counter this, the company said it is prioritizing migration to PQC — especially for authentication systems. Google has urged other engineering teams to follow suit.
The company said it set a clear deadline to “provide the clarity and urgency needed to accelerate digital transitions” industry-wide.
The renewed urgency around quantum computing has revived long-standing concerns about its potential impact on Bitcoin, which relies on elliptic curve cryptography to secure wallets and transactions.
In theory, a sufficiently powerful quantum computer could derive private keys from public keys, allowing attackers to steal funds.
However, the risk is not uniform across all Bitcoin holdings.
Research indicates that only certain categories of coins would be vulnerable in a future quantum scenario — particularly those where public keys are already exposed on-chain.
These include:
Together, these could account for millions of Bitcoin under broad estimates.
Despite heightened attention, major research firms argue that Bitcoin’s quantum risk remains a long-term issue rather than an immediate threat.
Galaxy Research described the risk as “real but unevenly distributed,” noting that most funds are not currently exposed.
The firm emphasised that development work on quantum-resistant solutions is already underway and gaining momentum.
“Bitcoin’s design provides a degree of protection against quantum attacks because public keys are not exposed until coins are spent,” Galaxy said, adding that proposals such as BIP 360 show active progress toward post-quantum upgrades.
ARK Invest reached similar conclusions in a recent report, arguing that today’s quantum systems remain far from capable of breaking Bitcoin’s cryptography.
ARK estimates that up to 35% of Bitcoin’s supply could be exposed under a future quantum scenario.
However, it expects the transition to unfold over years or decades, giving the ecosystem time to respond.