Proof-of-Stake (PoS) is a blockchain consensus mechanism in which validators are chosen to create new blocks and secure the network based on the amount of cryptocurrency they “stake” or lock up as collateral.
Unlike Proof-of-Work (PoW), PoS doesn’t rely on energy-intensive mining but rather rewards participants with transaction fees and new coins. It’s considered more energy-efficient but can be criticized for potential centralization among validators with significant stakes. Ethereum and Cardano are prominent blockchains that have implemented PoS.
Blockchain networks use the PoW consensus technique to verify transactions and secure the network. PoW was first presented as a key component of the Bitcoin blockchain by its creator, Satoshi Nakamoto.
Peer-to-peer (P2P) refers to a decentralized communication and computing model in which participants in a network, often referred to as "peers," interact directly with one another without the need for a centralized intermediary.