We reviewed an impressive number of sites, but, in our view, the following are the best crypto live casinos: Crypto Games , Vave , Stake.us , mBit Casino , Bets.io , Jackbit , Claps , Red Dog , MetaWin and ThunderPick .
Read our short reviews to learn more about the top crypto live casino sites.
Crypto.Games, established in 2014 under Curacao's jurisdiction, requires users to register with a username. It does not support anonymous play.
The platform offers a limited yet exclusive collection of 10 games, including Blackjack, Dice, Roulette, and Slots. These are all developed in-house by Crypto.Games.
There is no sportsbook available; however, players interested in sports can try the Crypto.Games Minesweeper, which embodies a sports theme. The platform guarantees a provably fair gaming experience.
Crypto.Games supports a variety of cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Dogecoin, and more, enabling diverse and secure transaction options.
Vave, established in 2022 and licensed in Curacao, supports anonymous play with a variety of cryptocurrency options. It is operated by CHESTOPTION SOCIEDAD DE RESPONSABILIDAD LIMITADA.
The casino section of Vave impresses with 11,033 games, featuring notable providers such as BGaming, Betsoft Gaming, and Pragmatic Play. Popular titles include Gates of Olympus 1000 and Sugar Rush 1000.
Sports enthusiasts can enjoy a wide range of betting options on traditional sports and eSports, including soccer, basketball, and ESport League of Legends. Live sports betting is also robust.
For deposits and withdrawals, Vave primarily facilitates transactions through cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin. Traditional methods like VISA and MasterCard are also supported.
Stake.us, established in 2022 and licensed in Cyprus, provides a secure platform for anonymous play. It operates under Sweepstakes Limited and offers provably fair gaming.
The casino features 954 games including notable offerings from Pragmatic Play and Hacksaw Gaming. Popular games like Sweet Bonanza and The Dog House are available, ensuring a wide variety for users.
Though lacking a traditional sportsbook, Stake.us includes sports-themed games, catering to fans of sports within a casino context. This integration enriches the gaming experience for sports enthusiasts.
Payment methods at Stake.us focus on cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin, among others, supporting secure and fast online transactions.
mBit Casino, established in 2014 with a Curaçao license, offers secure, regulated gaming with the option for anonymous play. This convenience enhances privacy for users.
The platform features over 2,000 games, supported by top providers like NetEnt, Pragmatic Play, and Evolution Gaming. These partnerships ensure a rich variety of high-quality gaming experiences.
Though mBit Casino does not offer a traditional sportsbook, it includes sports-themed games. This provides an alternative way for sports fans to engage with their favorite themes.
Cryptocurrency is central to mBit Casino’s payment methods, accepting Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin. This focus ensures fast and secure transactions for all players.
Bets.io, founded in 2021 and licensed by the Curacao Gaming Control Board, provides a secure and regulated gaming environment. It does not support anonymous play, ensuring all players are verified.
The casino features over 10,000 games including offerings from leading providers like Pragmatic Play, Evolution Gaming, and Microgaming. Top games include Gates of Olympus and Sweet Bonanza.
Bets.io does not just cater to casino enthusiasts but also offers a comprehensive sportsbook with a variety of sports from Alpine Skiing to eSports like League of Legends.
In terms of payments, Bets.io accepts multiple cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin, making transactions secure and convenient for users.
Jackbit, established in 2022 and licensed in Curacao, offers a contemporary gambling experience with the option for anonymous play. It caters to a variety of players globally except for restricted countries like the USA, Israel, and France, among others.
The casino boasts over 6,000 games, featuring top providers like Microgaming, NetEnt, and Pragmatic Play. Popular games include Sweet Bonanza and Gates of Olympus, and they also offer provably fair games by Bgaming and Spribe.
Jackbit’s sportsbook is extensive, covering a wide range of sports from Soccer and Basketball to eSports like Counter-Strike and Dota 2. The diversity continues with less common sports such as Gaelic Football and Biathlon.
Payment options at Jackbit include a variety of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana, facilitating swift and secure transactions. This makes it an ideal choice for crypto enthusiasts looking for a reliable betting platform.
Claps Casino entered the market in 2025, holding a license from Anjouan. It does not allow anonymous gambling, prioritizing player security with SSL encryption to protect financial transactions and personal data.
Players can explore over 2,575 games from some of the industry’s best providers, including Pragmatic Play, Hacksaw Gaming, Play’n GO, Bgaming, and Evolution. Popular games available include Sweet Bonanza 1000, Wanted Dead or a Wild, Legacy of Dead, and Gates of Olympus 1000.
Although Claps Casino does not feature a sportsbook or virtual sports betting, its exclusive casino game selection offers plenty of entertainment.
The platform supports cryptocurrency transactions with options such as USDT, BTC, ETH, BNB, USDC, and TRX. Withdrawals are typically processed within a few hours, ensuring quick access to winnings.
Red Dog is a brand with a solid reputation founded in 2019 by Wonder Play Company N.V..
Located in Curaçao, it has some neat security features, such as SSL Encryption, and provides plenty of opportunities to gamble.
Red Dog enables you to use 5 currencies once you’ve registered and are ready to play.
As such, you should find a payment method that suits you, including crypto options that enable greater privacy.
MetaWin, established in 2022 and licensed by Comoros, couples casino and sports betting under Asobi N.V. in Curacao. Anonymous play is not supported on this platform.
The casino features over 1,000 games including top providers like Pragmatic Play, Evolution Gaming, and Netent. Notable games listed are Sweet Bonanza and Gates of Olympus.
For sports enthusiasts, MetaWin offers extensive options from soccer and basketball to esports such as FIFA and Counter-Strike, blending traditional and virtual sports betting seamlessly.
MetaWin supports multiple cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana, catering to a global audience with diverse payment preferences.
Thunderpick Casino, established in 2017 and operating under a Curacao license, caters to casino enthusiasts and sports bettors alike. The platform supports anonymous play, facilitated by its blockchain technology integration.
The gaming selection surpasses 5,060 titles, spotlighting contributions from Pragmatic Play, Betsoft, and Evolution among others. Featured games include Sweet Bonanza and Booming Seven Deluxe, complemented by unique offerings like Thunder Spin.
Thunderpick excels with an extensive sportsbook that covers traditional sports, eSports, and virtual sports, from basketball to CS2 and Dota 2. Their eSports engagement includes partnerships with teams like Evil Geniuses.
Payment methods primarily focus on cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin, promoting quick and secure transactions. This setup appeals to a global clientele, prioritizing privacy and efficiency.
Casino | Welcome Bonus | Our Rating |
---|---|---|
Crypto Games | Up to 20000 USDT Welcome Package | 4.09 |
Vave | 100% up to 4 BTC + 100FS | 4.49 |
Stake.us | 25 Stake Cash & 250,000 Gold Coins | 3.62 |
mBit Casino | Up to 2 BTC Welcome Package + 300 Free Spins | 3.86 |
Bets.io | Up to 1 BTC Welcome Package + 100 Free Spins | 4.48 |
Jackbit | 100% of the first bet amount back + Rakeback up to 30% + 100 Freespins | 4.03 |
Claps | Up to 3000 USDT + 165 Free Spins No Wager | 4.20 |
Red Dog | Up to 8000 USD Welcome Package | 4.23 |
MetaWin | The Leading Web3 Casino | 4.04 |
ThunderPick | Up to 2000 EUR Welcome Package | 4.87 |
If you’ve never tried live dealer crypto casinos, you’re in for a treat. Those already familiar with them know the excitement they bring.
While online crypto casinos have a staggering selection of games, only a select few are suited for live dealer play. Below is an overview of the most popular live casino games available with crypto.
Roulette is a game of chance where you predict where the ball will land once the wheel stops spinning. Originating in the 1700s, the classic roulette wheel contains numbers 1 to 36, along with one, two, or even three zeroes, depending on the variant.
When playing Bitcoin live roulette, you may find versions with special features, such as multipliers added to specific numbers. The best choice is European roulette, which has a single zero and a much lower house edge (2.7%) compared to American roulette (5.26%).
Blackjack, which dates back to the 1700s, has long been a casino favorite. It’s particularly appealing to strategic players since, unlike most casino games, it can theoretically be beaten with the right approach.
However, earning a long-term profit requires card counting, a technique banned in brick-and-mortar casinos (even though it’s not illegal). In live dealer blackjack, card counting is ineffective because the dealer frequently shuffles the deck.
Blackjack combines strategy and chance, as players aim to get as close to 21 as possible without exceeding it while also beating the dealer's hand. Many live blackjack tables include side bets, adding an extra layer of excitement.
Baccarat’s origins are uncertain, but some believe French soldiers played it as early as the 1400s. By the 1800s, it had become a favorite among French nobility, which may explain its reputation for sophistication.
In Bitcoin live baccarat, you place a wager on the player, banker, or tie. Once bets are placed, the dealer deals two face-up cards to both the player and banker. Additional cards may be drawn based on the initial totals, following preset rules. Unlike other card games, baccarat has no risk of going bust.
Statistically, the banker bet offers the lowest house edge. However, many live dealer Bitcoin casinos reduce or even eliminate this advantage by applying a commission to banker wins.
While live Bitcoin casinos offer several poker variants, Texas Hold’em remains the most popular. Originating in Robstown, Texas, in the early 1900s, the game gained traction in Las Vegas casinos during the 1960s and became a global sensation in the 2000s thanks to televised tournaments.
In Bitcoin live poker, players usually compete against the dealer rather than each other, aiming to form the best five-card hand. To improve your chances, evaluate the strength of your starting hand and fold weaker ones early to minimize losses.
Statistically, the best approach is to play hands with strong potential, such as pocket pairs, suited connectors, or high-ranking cards. Additionally, understanding pot odds and strategically using bluffs can enhance your win rate.
Live game shows bring a fun twist to traditional casino gaming. Hosted by charismatic presenters, these games often feature giant wheels, dice rolls, or other unique mechanics. Popular Bitcoin live game shows include Funky Time, Dragon Tiger, and Monopoly Live.
These games are more about entertainment than strategy, but understanding the rules and payout structures is essential. Statistically, opting for bets with the highest frequency of wins, even if the payouts are smaller, can help you manage risk and extend your gameplay.
Top game providers are crucial in shaping the live dealer Bitcoin casino experience. They provide high-quality games with professional dealers, immersive interfaces, and smooth streaming.
These industry leaders have built their reputations by pushing the boundaries of live gaming technology and partnering with the best Bitcoin live casinos. Below, we explore five of the most respected providers and what makes them stand out.
Founded in 2006, Evolution Gaming has revolutionized the live casino market with cutting-edge technology and seamless game delivery.
Top titles include Live Blackjack, Lightning Roulette, and Crazy Time. Lightning Roulette deserves special mention for its unique twist on traditional roulette. In every game, lightning strikes between one and five numbers, offering payouts ranging from 49-to-1 to 499-to-1.
However, it’s important to note that the Straight Up wager payout is 29-to-1 (instead of the standard 35-to-1) if the number isn't struck by lightning.
This software provider entered the live casino market in 2015 and quickly became a major player thanks to its high-quality games and innovative features. Pragmatic Play boasts sleek studios and professional dealers who deliver engaging gaming sessions.
Its standout live games include Mega Roulette, Speed Baccarat, and ONE Blackjack. Speed Baccarat is the game for anyone looking for a fast-paced Bitcoin live casino experience. With high-definition cameras, live player trend statistics, and multiple side bets, this dynamic game is a must for all baccarat lovers.
NetEnt, founded in 1996, is a pioneer in the online gaming industry. While best known for its slots, the company has made a strong entry into the live casino space with high-quality table games.
Top titles include Live Blackjack, Live Roulette, and Perfect Blackjack. Perfect Blackjack stands out because it teaches players basic strategy, allowing them to reduce the house edge to approximately 0.5% once mastered.
Founded in 2012, Ezugi focuses on delivering authentic live casino experiences tailored to global audiences. It streams from multiple studios worldwide and offers games in various languages.
Popular titles include Live Andar Bahar, Live Teen Patti, and Unlimited Blackjack. Live Andar Bahar stands out due to its origins as a traditional Indian card game. In this game, a 52-card deck is used, and players must predict whether the Andar or Bahar side will win. The dealer places the first card (known as the joker, though it's not actually a joker card) in the center of the table. From there, players place their wagers and may have opportunities for side bets.
Established in 2012, the Skywind Group has a reputation for combining innovative technology with engaging live gaming experiences. Its live casino offerings are known for their crisp visuals and professional dealers.
Top live games from Skywind include Live Baccarat, Blackjack Max, and Atom Roulette. In Blackjack Max, you have the chance to place numerous side bets, including Boom! 3, Hit 3, and Bust 21. In Bust 21, you bet on the dealer going bust, adding an extra layer of excitement.
Navigating the best crypto live casino sites requires strategy and knowledge to enhance your chances of winning while maximizing enjoyment. Here are some helpful tips to get the most out of your experience:
Live dealer Bitcoin casino games often come with higher minimum bet limits than standard online crypto casino games. Always check the table limits before sitting down to play.
Betting too much on a single round can quickly deplete your bankroll, especially if the game doesn’t go as planned. For instance, we found versions of Salon Privé Blackjack with a minimum wager of $1,000!
For players with smaller budgets, choosing tables with lower minimum stakes can allow for longer play sessions. This approach also gives you a better chance to recover losses and gradually build your winnings. Depending on the game, some tables may offer minimum bets as low as $0.20 or even less.
Knowing the odds and house edge of different crypto live casino games gives you a significant advantage. Here are a few examples of popular games:
The live chat feature is an essential tool in live casino games, providing direct access to dealers or croupiers who can assist with any questions or clarifications about the rules or game decisions. If you're ever unsure about a specific aspect of a game, don't hesitate to ask for help.
Engaging with other players through the chat can also enhance the social aspect of live gaming. However, it's important to remain respectful and keep interactions focused on improving your gameplay experience. Friendly, insightful conversations can make your time at the table more enjoyable and engaging.
A disciplined approach to bankroll management is crucial in live casino games. For high-risks bets, such as Straight Up bets in roulette or the tie bet in baccarat, consider risking a smaller percentage of your bankroll. This balances the higher potential payout with the increased risk of loss.
On the other hand, lower-risk bets, such as betting on the banker in baccarat or red/black in roulette, tend to have better odds, so you can afford to wager slightly more.
Maintaining a consistent budget helps you avoid reckless betting, prolongs your gaming sessions, and keeps you in control of your finances.
A stable and high-speed internet connection is essential for seamless live casino gameplay. An interruption in your connection can result in missed bets or lost opportunities during critical moments of the game.
Before you begin playing, take a moment to check your internet connection. Also, check the casino’s policy on handling connection issues, as some platforms may offer refunds for interrupted bets, while others may not.
While complex bets are tempting due to their higher payouts, more straightforward bets often come with a lower house edge and are easier to manage.
For example, in European roulette, betting on red or black provides a 48.6% chance of winning. In contrast, a Straight Up bet, which selects a single number, offers a much smaller 2.7% chance of winning.
Similarly, in baccarat, the banker’s hand wins 45.8% of the time, while the player’s hand has a 44.6% win rate. The tie bet, however, only wins 9.6% of the time.
Starting your Bitcoin live casino site journey is simple and rewarding if you follow a few straightforward steps.
The best crypto live casinos boast a nice collection of classics such as blackjack, roulette, and baccarat. For a smooth experience, make sure the platform has reliable live betting and streaming options.
Checking online reviews, especially expert assessments on trusted sites like CCN, helps ensure you select a secure and respected platform.
Once you've found a suitable live dealer crypto casino, the next step is to create an account. Before completing the sign-up process, check for any restrictions based on location, as some casinos might not accept players from certain regions.
Be sure to enter accurate information to avoid complications later on. While signing up, don’t forget to keep an eye out for ongoing promotions and seasonal bonuses, as they can add extra value to your gaming experience.
After creating your account, the next step is to deposit cryptocurrency. Verify the minimum deposit requirements to ensure they align with your budget.
The process typically involves selecting your preferred crypto, generating a deposit address, and securely transferring funds. Always double-check transaction details before confirming the payment to ensure accuracy.
Browse through the available games at your chosen Bitcoin live casino and select those that match your interests and skill level. For instance, baccarat is straightforward: just pick one of the three betting options and wait for the dealer to reveal the cards.
Pay attention to the minimum bet sizes at different tables. Choosing a table that aligns with your bankroll will help you manage your funds responsibly, prolong your gaming session, and ensure a more enjoyable experience.
When you’re ready to begin, consider starting with small stakes to test different betting strategies. This approach allows you to get comfortable with the gameplay without risking too much.
Be cautious with high-risk strategies, like the Martingale system, which can lead to large losses quickly. Stay disciplined, make informed decisions, and enjoy your Bitcoin live casino adventure with a thoughtful approach.
Playing live casino games with crypto offers unique advantages that make your gaming experience more secure, accessible, and rewarding. Cryptocurrencies are transforming online gambling by providing players with enhanced privacy, faster payments, and access to exclusive promotions, among other things.
Understanding these benefits can help you see why more players choose crypto for live casino adventures.
Crypto payments offer a higher level of anonymity and privacy compared to traditional payment methods. While not fully anonymous, cryptocurrencies are pseudonymous, which means you can bypass the monitoring associated with bank transactions.
By using a Bitcoin wallet address instead of personal banking information, you can enjoy a more private experience when playing live casino games online.
Cryptocurrency transactions are much faster than traditional methods, which can take days to process.
The Lightning Network, a second-layer solution for Bitcoin, speeds up transactions further by processing payments off the main blockchain. This significantly reduces confirmation times, making your deposits and withdrawals almost instant.
One of the standout advantages of using crypto is the lower transaction fees. Traditional payment methods often come with expensive charges, especially for international transfers. In contrast, digital currencies such as Ripple, Dash, and Bitcoin Cash could have fees below $0.01 per transaction.
With the Lightning Network, you can minimize these costs even more. It can handle millions of transactions per second, far exceeding the capabilities of the Bitcoin main blockchain, leading to dramatic fee reductions.
Cryptocurrencies are borderless, allowing you to deposit funds from anywhere in the world. The best Bitcoin live casinos accept multiple fiat currencies you can convert to crypto.
This makes it easy to access live casino games no matter your location. Crypto gambling is especially beneficial for players who travel often or live in areas with limited gambling options.
Reputable crypto live casinos prioritize player security. Look for sites licensed by respected regulatory bodies. You should also seek casinos with features like two-factor authentication (2FA) and SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) encryption to protect your account and transactions.
SSL/TLS encryption is vital in safeguarding your online communications. A casino without an SSL certificate cannot offer encrypted traffic, which means your information is vulnerable.
These measures create a secure and trustworthy gaming environment, allowing you to play live dealer games with peace of mind.
A growing number of Bitcoin live casino sites offer special bonuses exclusively for crypto players. These promotions often include enhanced deposit bonuses, cashback offers, and rewards tailored to live casino games.
By choosing a platform that values its crypto players, you can enjoy a range of benefits that aren’t available with traditional payment methods.
While Bitcoin live casinos offer exciting benefits, they also have drawbacks. Understanding these challenges can help you make informed decisions and have a safer, more enjoyable experience.
The value of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies can fluctuate significantly within short periods. This volatility could affect your bankroll, as the amount deposited may be worth more or less by the time you start playing or withdraw your winnings.
Budgeting carefully and keeping track of the market’s movements during volatile periods can help you manage this risk. Converting only what you need for immediate gameplay can also help reduce potential losses.
The regulatory landscape for Bitcoin gambling is still unclear in many regions. Some countries have embraced crypto gambling, while others impose restrictions or outright bans.
It's crucial to be cautious and avoid platforms that operate in regions where crypto gambling is illegal. Always choose a licensed casino from a reputable jurisdiction to ensure you're playing in a fair and secure environment. A bit of research beforehand can help you avoid legal complications.
One of Bitcoin’s defining features is that you can’t reverse transactions once they are completed. This can pose a risk if you accidentally send the wrong amount or use an incorrect address.
To minimize this risk, choose live dealer crypto casinos with manual transaction approval features or double-check transaction details before confirming payments. A little extra attention upfront can prevent costly mistakes.
CCN reviews the best crypto gambling platforms to ensure players can make informed decisions. We examine every relevant factor to guarantee players access to top-rated platforms and a rewarding gaming experience.
We evaluate the quality and fairness of promotions offered by Bitcoin live casinos. We give special attention to loyalty programs that reward crypto bettors and regular players.
Platforms that offer transparent and rewarding VIP schemes with benefits such as cashback, exclusive tournaments, and personal account managers receive higher ratings. Seasonal and ongoing promotions are also factored into the assessment to ensure value for players.
Thousands of cryptocurrencies exist, but only a tiny percentage are widely accepted and practical for online gaming. We check whether platforms support major coins like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin while also considering the availability of altcoins for players seeking variety.
A well-rounded crypto offering gives players more flexibility when depositing and withdrawing funds.
We expect the best BTC live dealer casinos to make transactions as fast and easy as possible. That’s why we evaluate payment processes to ensure low blockchain transfer and instant deposit transaction fees. Top-rated sites facilitate fast and secure withdrawals without imposing unreasonable limits.
We also verify whether platforms support advanced payment solutions like the Lightning Network for Bitcoin users.
A quality crypto live casino defines itself by a strong selection of games from top providers. Honestly, playing the same handful of games repeatedly is tedious!
We look for partnerships with leading game developers in the live casino niche to ensure diversity in gameplay, from classic games like live blackjack and live roulette to innovative new formats. We prefer casinos that continually update their game offerings with fresh titles.
Smooth navigation and uninterrupted live streaming are essential for a satisfying player experience. We expect the best Bitcoin live casinos to run without glitches or loading issues on desktop and mobile devices.
Our team verifies that live dealer streams are reliable and high-quality, allowing players to enjoy straightforward gameplay regardless of their device.
A casino’s reputation speaks volumes about its trustworthiness. We conduct detailed background checks to confirm transparent ownership information and investigate licensing status.
We also analyze player reviews to gauge user satisfaction and detect any patterns of unresolved complaints. Crypto live casinos with positive reputations and ethical business practices rank higher.
Effective customer support is essential for quickly resolving issues. We assess whether live dealer Bitcoin casinos provide dedicated VIP support agents and robust escalation processes for handling complaints that standard support cannot resolve.
We also take dealer professionalism into account. It’s not enough for dealers to merely deal cards or place a ball on the roulette wheel; we expect them to be engaging. Live games are much more fun when the dealer is energetic and genuinely seems to enjoy interacting with players.
Now that you're familiar with the best Bitcoin live casinos, it's time to explore what these platforms have to offer. We've spent several hours reviewing each site, playing games, making transactions, testing customer service, and much more, to ensure you have the best possible experience.
While all the casinos on our list are highly recommended, we believe that our top-rated pick is the one where you should start. Be sure to check back frequently, as we continually update this page with new, exciting sites we come across.
There is more to responsible gambling than meets the eye. Yes, you need to budget well, remain calm even when losing, and take regular breaks. However, you must also investigate your country’s gambling laws, including the minimum legal gambling age.
If you ever feel that gambling is becoming a problem, seek support from reputable organizations such as Gamblers Anonymous to get the help you need.
To help you better understand and navigate the world of Bitcoin live casinos, we’ve compiled answers to some of the most frequently asked questions.
Bitcoin live dealer games are fair when hosted by licensed and reputable casinos that partner with trustworthy game providers. These games are conducted by professional dealers and streamed live, which ensures transparency. Players can watch every move the dealer makes, adding an extra layer of trust. Casinos with provably fair mechanisms or third-party auditing of their games further enhance fairness, allowing players to verify the legitimacy of the game outcomes independently.
Yes, many Bitcoin live casinos support mobile gameplay. These platforms optimize their websites for smartphones and tablets, offering easy access to live dealer games without sacrificing functionality or quality. Some casinos even provide dedicated mobile apps. Players can enjoy the same high-definition streams and interactive dealer experiences on mobile as they would on a desktop, making it convenient to play live games anytime and anywhere with a stable internet connection.
Verifying a Bitcoin live casino’s legitimacy involves checking for a valid license from a recognized regulatory body. Look for transparent information about the site’s ownership and licensing details. Reading player reviews can offer insight into user experiences and help identify any patterns of unresolved issues. Additionally, secure casinos use advanced encryption to protect player data and have reliable payment processing. Trustworthy platforms also provide professional customer support to address concerns efficiently.