Opinion: How To Capitalism?

Since early 2018 prices have been falling with the usual upward and downward cycles.

However, as technology and prices rarely come hand-to-hand, what’s important to remember is of late we’ve seen some conceptual improvements started being implemented, such as Bitcoin’s LN and Superspace  or Ethereum side-chains and plasma.

My goal today is to pave the way towards the discussion of economic concepts and how I believe cryto-projects could potentially leave a mark in the 21st century economy.

The Best Economic System

“There are always a greater number of things that could go wrong, than ones that could go right”

 

When I started studying economics, most economics were taught by comparing East and West philosophies. This is, what economic theory should drive the world forward? Capitalism or Communism?

Of course we now know there are plenty of alternatives  which don’t focus solely on growth or on a egalitarian distribution of wealth, the two selling points of each school of economics.

Interestingly enough is the fact both philosophies teach important values about human behavior, that can be extrapolated into new hypothesis and theories. The most important, to me, are:

1. Ownership: by allowing people to own land and property, governments create an incentive for private agents to gather resources and put those resources to productive use. Examples vary from farming to airbnb.
2. Trust: by allowing governments to allocate resources in order to improve wealth redistribution.

Capitalism promoted the good use of both values, leading to unprecedented growth. Over the past 50 years technology has grown exponentially, elevating society to a whole new level of consumption. People were able to find better jobs with higher salaries, hence becoming more comfortable day by day — as they could plan for the future, save up, go places, have food on the table and a house to live in.

In its essence, capitalists believe self-interest and individual utility maximization to be the root cause of growth. If all people try to achieve what’s best for them, how can the economy ever fail?

The Path Of Capitalism

In a capitalist market economy, decision-making and investment are determined by every owner of wealth, property or means of production, whereas prices and the distribution of goods and services are mainly determined by competition in goods and services markets. In Europe and Canada the picture is a little bit more colorful, as we see a mixture of capitalism and socialism, where the role of the government is intended to be more interventionist, in order to promote free (or near-free) public-goods such as healthcare or education.

Capitalism and its variants are therefore characterized by:

1. The degree of competition in markets, 
2. The degree of intervention and regulation by governments, and 
3. How are firms organized.

The Current Model

Capitalism  has its philosophical roots on the belief that the universe is a kind of “soulless Darwinian machine”. Its roots are connected to the Theory of the Firm, which entangles the purpose of contracting resources to perform daily tasks with the most effective resources organizational form. In other words, Capitalism is linked to how firms organize in order to manage resources, either in a decentralized fashion or in a centralized one, which was a main driver for 19th and 20th century corporations organization models.

It seems the current Western Capitalism operates solely through the survival of the fittest and by maximizing shareholder profits. 

If “nature” is predatory, greedy, self-interested, violent, brutal, red in tooth and claw — then society should be too, right?

Of course, that sort of mentality may create a few monsters, hard to slay. Some of the darkest are increasing wealth inequality and citizens selfishness.

Side note: as stated by the famous Jordan Petersen, many times before, if we look at the bigger picture, in our 100,000 thousand something years journey as humans, we have never lived in such a prosperous time like today, where access to income opportunities are far, far higher than ever before. However, that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t improve the current system. Especially when it leaves so many people outside the playground. 

Human Behavior – The Main Driver

With massive growth we saw massive profits: huge corporations making not billions, but trillions of dollars in revenues. For the past 20 years, since the dot.com bubble, stock prices have been steadily rising. Not only in the US, but globally as well. It seems, at least to me, there is some sort of correlation between our profit-seeking nature and the rise of stock prices over the years (not to mention the role quantitative easing had to play in stock’s growth).

Interestingly enough, this massive economic machine doesn’t seem to be doing its job properly. For one, if we take into account (nowadays) only about 50% of people in the US, and even less in most countries, own stock, who are these companies enriching? Plus, only about 10% of all Americas can truly be considered capitalists, as they create jobs.

The pressing problem with capitalism is that wealth is not being fairly redistributed. If you don’t believe me just take a look at some numbers and scenarios. They are indeed frightening, so beware.

1. Since 1971 salaries haven’t been rising past inflation. This is, prices of goods and services have grown considerably more than people’s salaries. We’re talking about 95–99% of the population, as this drop in real-salaries affected the lower classes and middle-class the most.
2. The value of a single dollar (you can choose virtually any currency and apply the same logic) has been steadily decreasing for the past century as well. Not only most people lost chunks of money due to inflation (goodbye savings), but the actual purchasing power of a single dollar is much less globally due to the increasing pressure of American debt (about 21 trillion in today’s money?)
3. Inequality within developed countries has been rising steadily. No, this isn’t a bullshit fact, it’s the truth. Let it sink in.
4. We’ve possibly destroyed so much of the environment, there is no coming back. Global warming is a harsh reality, whether you like it or not. Rising sea levels will destroy a hefty proportion of land and leave millions of people stranded. We can already watch some of the effects, by looking at the defrosting of glaciers and the loss of biodiversity.

It does pain me to acknowledge the system we’re living by today can potentially do more evil than good. And it is our greed, lack of moral standards, values and respect for each other that is allowing this unbalancing philosophy to flourish. At our core, I think we’ve mistakenly stopped caring about competing healthily, and focused only in our well-being and personal growth.

Except, without a sense of community-based growth, where all people have equal participation rights and opportunities, we won’t be able to shift the mentality from “how can accumulate the most profits and revenues” to “how can I better distribute profits and revenues amongst all participants”.

The Current Winners?

drum roll…

The richest, of course!

Before both the dot.com bubble and the 1929 crash, companies were promoting this sort of behavior, as in buying-back massive amounts of stock to keep prices rising.

Thankfully, there’s plenty of data showing what usually happens afterwards, as money invested in buying back shares is not applicable to the real economy: there is no gain for employees, managers, costumers or any other agent, except for shareholders.

If you’re wondering what can be done to mitigate those risks I hope you’re ready to think outside the box, as on my next installment I will discuss how shifting targets from growth to wealth redistribution, might be an easier task to accomplish if we accept the decentralized nature of cryptocurrency and crypto-economics.

My ultimate goal is to open your mind to alternative ways to promote growth, without ripping so much value out of the hands of working people.

Stay tuned!